Native culture

Native culture BY abra6766 Native Women's Roles in the Southwest In the Native American culture, women are not much talked about even though they do play an important role in the Native society. Women don't only serve as a housekeeper, which is the generally believed myth, but they rather do other thing like farming and crafting while the men were out hunting. Native Americans even believed that women had more healing powers than the men did and thus we have heard of more medicine women than medicine men.Also, to the native culture, music and dance is an important part of the culture. Even though throughout class we have learned that women play a lesser of a role in native music and dance, they actually do a lot more to provide to their society culturally. In my essay, I will be focusing on the roles of Native American women in the skills of music, dance and daily chores which are of particular importance to the Indian culture. We mainly focus on the southwestern region and how women in the southwest contribute which in many cases overlap with other regions.The music in the southwest includes styles such as Navajo and Apache and they hold agricultural ceremonies like Kachina. Southwest is believed to be known for its outstanding women's musical custom of using leg rattles which is used while they dance (Southwest Navajo Indians). Even though men are given importance while singing or dancing, women do play a supporting role in the dancing and singing and they are not completely ignored by the Indian community. Normally, women dance on their spots while men tend to move around in circles or other formations.Women also do sing, but many times men do the main stream singing, while the females accompany them. But in most cases women only accompany in the dancing or even ance solo without men rather than sing. These celebrations of dancing and singing occur during ceremonies held by the community. Two such celebrations that I found interesting and that played an impo rtant role in the native women's life were the Navajo coming of the age ceremony and the Navajo wedding ceremony.The Navajo coming of age ceremony is the celebration in the southwest region, of a girl undergoing puberty where she is no longer a girl but a woman. The ceremony includes a song sung by the medicine man to mark the change in the girl's status rom girl to woman. After the singing is done, she runs east and she is escorted by a few men whose purpose is to keep the evil spirit away. The Southwest is not the only tribe that holds ceremonies but the region of California also holds ceremonies as such Flower Girl which has a similar meaning behind the ceremony, but not necessarily the same ritual.The other ceremony is the Navajo wedding ceremony which is quite an unique ceremony because it is a custom in the Navajo culture where the groom gets married into the brides household which is different in the ase of the of the American tradition. It is said that the woman's family get s a son instead of losing a daughter which is the opposite in many different traditions. The groom gives up his family in order to adopt his bride's family and relative. Whenever the groom travels, he seeks shelter in the household of his bride's relatives rather than his own (Southwest Navajo Indians).Thus, ceremonies did give importance to women in tribal society. Another important aspect ot Native American culture is the regalia and clothing. Women were the seamstresses. They gave high importance to he making of clothing and they added in decorations and intricate details that signify deep meaning like power and stature (Native American Clothing). Women also made these clothings with care and tenderness as a symbol of love for their loved ones. Many of these outfits are made out of animals that were hunted by the men.Women treated animals as sacred beings and they made sure that did waste any part of the animal or animal product. Women's regalia include a skirt with legging and t he skirts differ according to tribe; also they would wear tunic style shirts. In any tribes, women actually wore dresses made out of buckskin. These unique clothing styles set the Indians apart from other cultures. When it comes to religion, women are believed to be more powerful. Even though there are some medicine men, women are commonly found doing the role medicine woman.They play an important role during ceremonies like the Navajo coming of the age ceremony. They are considered to have healing powers which lasts them through death. Women more easily become medicine woman because they are more familiar with medicinal herbs than the men (Medicine Woman). A woman is gifted her powers during her sleep by one of the spirits. One task of Native American women as a matter in fact every woman which goes unnoticed is their contribution to society with young and new members ( The Women's Role).This holds importance in Indian tribes because they are so small and compact they might not hav e enough members and without a new generation, none of the cultures or traditions would be passed down but would rather die off. Many Indian societies today face the danger of extinction because they do not have enough members to carry on with the traditions or many times these embers lack the interest in learning more about their culture. Women play an important role as a housekeeper and provide their children with basic knowledge about the tribal society and its importance.Therefore, it can be concluded that Native American women do play an important role in their society as clearly shown by the women of the southwestern region. Many of these duties performed by women overlap with other regions like the Northwest and Arctic. In most cases some of the rituals and traditions are the same with a slight difference. Even though it is elieved that men play a major role in the tribal society, it is not true because women play an equal role as men do and also contribute to their tribal so ciety.

Overview Of E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Overview Of E-commerce - Essay Example Many giant businesses are using e-marketing for quite sometimes now and many have been programmed with other automated businesses since 1990s. For example, at GE’s Aircraft division, the customer could order an aircraft part, get invoice and initiate delivery all within 45 minutes. However, such sophisticated systems require dedicated communication lines and expensive hardware. These costs have been cut to a great extent with the invention of internet. Generally, B2B exchanges can be sub-divided into three main categories. Consortia are primarily a collaboration of vendors dealing with a particular industry e.g. the consortium of Global Food Exchange. Private Marketplaces on the other hand are run by a single organization and is aided by its key suppliers. Wallmart and Dell are examples of Private Marketplace. ... , industry consortium is typically a Vertical market owned by the industry which allows buyers to procure services and goods from restricted participants. The aim of the industry consortium is to generate steady association with the industry with a view to establish a long term affiliation through contractual procurement. These industry consortium tend to bring together all the supply chains within the industry which in-turn bringing the profits back to the industry. The industry consortia provides a number of facilities e.g. systematic procurement process, auctions, pricing and RFQs mechanisms for profitability of the industry. Q 72 What is channel conflict? Give an example of how channel conflict can be avoided or lessened. Ans Channel conflict is a term used to describe the expulsion of channel partners e.g. suppliers or distributors from supply chain by a company to reach out for the customer directly. This may be achieved through the use of internet via e-commerce or through gen eral marketing. E-commerce provides a simple and economic solution for the businesses to directly contact their consumers and sell their brands without intermediaries. However, this simple solution also brings with it a great challenge. The customers can also interact with one another through internet and exchange ideas regarding product quality and price. This scenario forces the companies to fix a competitive price of the product or service without compromising on the quality. Over production by a company can also result in channel conflict. Similarly, newer editions of the products in the market, trend changes and wholesalers insolvency also cause channel conflict. Therefore, the stock clearance strategy of a company is of utmost importance for avoidance of channel conflict. There are

Sustainability of functional foods Dissertation

Sustainability of functional foods - Dissertation Example As livestock industry being the single largest user of land is affecting the eco system directly or indirectly (directly by cultivation of crops for the animals on large areas and indirectly from feedstock productions). Moreover predictions were given earlier by Grigg (1995) regarding increase in environmental impacts because of more agriculture trading and global trends in the market with reference to food. Furthermore environmental impacts with reference to agriculture are analysed, fortified food or functional foods productions, then these are the findings: Almost one third of the world’s cultivated land over the time of forty years has resulted in soil erosions and degradation of land. One way or other almost 80% shedding of forest is because of agriculture (Pimentel, 1994) High consumption of water in the agriculture sector and in livestock production is another main environmental impact. For instance in some cases crops consume 500 to 2000 liters of water and in case of beef almost 150,000 to 200,000 water is consumed to produce it (Macdiarmid, et al., 2011) However in general live stock is mainly responsible for providing proteins to masses of today. According to a report in order to gain one kg of high quality meat 6 kg of high quality plant is required. ... Moreover the consumption of grain in US live stock industry is 7% more than what its population directly eats. This over production has caused lands to erode. So this is another important environmental factor with reference to function food productions (Frey, and Barrett, 2007). Moreover different researches have been carried out with reference to environmental impacts in which different input and output and extended research methods have been used. However meat along with dairy products is considered to be the main contributor in terms of impacting the environment which even includes production change and distributors (Macdiarmid, et al., 2011). According to the Swedish study, food consumption is one of the most important players in creating pollution. Beside pollution, another important concept which by Macdiarmid, et al., 2011 as â€Å"virtual water†. Or in other words it is the amount of water that is used in the production of food is known as virtual water or embedded wat er (Hoekstra, & Chapagain, 2008). Since water is a diminishing source of energy and it has no replacements unlike oil if that runs out then it can be replaced with other sources of energies. However the term virtual water or embedded water means that the water consumed by products during the time of creating product and that water is not present physically but it has consumed water is known as embedded water or virtual water for instance it takes 140 liters of water for making one cup of coffee and 15000 liters for 1kg of beef (Macdiarmid, et al., 2011) Likewise according to the statistic report shows that almost 12,000 billion liters of water is taken out from rivers and other sources in UK which is about 9% of the total actual renewable water available in the UK. Keeping in view

Relevance of Organisational Change Models Essay

Relevance of Organisational Change Models - Essay Example The wide and easy access to stores of information, both external and internal has made it easier to organize tasks and to define roles. (Lippit. R 1958) However, the fast-paced ongoing change means that organization now have the added task of planning and tackling issues that will be affected by the change in the future. Some of the issues can be related to the personnel of an organization or with the administration itself. Organizations now need to have a proactive and practical attitude and prepare for future change. If the organization does not prepare itself for the times to come and does not adapt its working to the changing environment in advance, it will run the risk of facing closure and losing its customers and profits. By envisaging the impact of the changes on the organization in the times to come and responding to it appropriately, the organization minimizes its chances of facing serious problems. Moreover, an organization through some change of leadership, customers, and environment feels the need of bringing appropriate change into the organization. An organization through a series of steps can find out the nature of the required change, gauge how it is likely to affect the organization and adjust its functions and work systematically. Firstly, to initiate a planned change process, the organization has to concern itself with entering and contracting. This step enables the managers to envision the further steps in the planned change process and it assists them in deciding whether a planned change is what they actually need for the organization and how to allocate resources to facilitate the change. This step involves the gathering of ideas and suggestions and to formulate a plan of putting them into use. Opportunities and threats facing the organization are analyzed and discussion is held between the various members of the organization. Then, the organization moves towards co ntracting or drawing up a formal agreement for the planned change process. The second stage, diagnosing, revolves around the identifying of problems and their causes and after effects to get a better understanding of the organization's standing and its components. It is considered to be one of the most important activities in the planned change process as it deals with understanding the organization, analyzing what it needs and informing the managers and other members of the organization about its problems and positive attributes. This step is made complex by the analysis of three kinds of problems to the organization. The first type of problem is the collective problems faced by the organization, the other concerns group level problems and the last is concerned with problems affecting individuals in the organization. The analysis can be done by organizational meetings, charts, market research or through interviews. The planning and implementing of change come next, where the members of the organization collectively plan and try to execute organizational development interventions. The interventions are designed to assist in the improvement of the organization. These interventions depend upon an organization's willingness to change and its current capacity to welcome change, its culture and power distributions, and the agent's skills.  

Paper that explains the communication aspects, personality & Research

That explains the communication aspects, personality & leadership styles used in management - Research Paper Example The aim of this paper is to explain the main management and leadership styles that can be utilized in by managers in their efforts to deliver effective management. The paper explains how managers can bridge the gap between upper management and front line workers by enhancing communication. It also shows how managers should work towards the attainment of big five personality dimensions and other critical leadership skills. Management styles There are four main management styles that can be applied by managers depending on the specific environments. These are the autocrat, benevolent autocrat, participatory democrat and consultative democrat. An autocrat type of manager is one that manages by telling others what to do and how to do it. This type of a manager has minimum confidence on their subordinates and most often, they do not trust them. This type of leadership is not the best for an industrial or a business environment because it results to ill treatment of workers. Workers will b e treatment as automations instead of human beings with natural limitations. As the organization expands, the freedom of workers to make decision without approval reduces and so does shared ideas. The final result of this management style is high turn-over rates (Montana and Bruce, 2008). A benevolent autocrat type of manager pictures themselves as a father figure whose role is to make important decisions then they look for ways to convince their subordinates to join them in following them. Sometimes, these managers allow subordinates to make minor decisions within the limits hey set for them. In this type of management, rewards and punishments are used to motivate employees From its name, a consultative democrat is a type of manager who consults with their subordinates. Montana and Bruce (2008) explains that these types of managers have trust and confidence in their employees and this drives them to consult with them. Before making decisions, such managers always get the views of t he employees on it. However, they are the ones with a final say when it comes making the actual decision. Slightly different from a consultative democrat, a participatory democrat is a type of manager who allows employees to have an active role in decision-making. They share with them the decision-making process because they have full trust and confidence in them. Whenever there is an issue or a decision to be made, the manager invites all the stakeholders so that they can discuss. The final decision represents the views of the majority. Leadership styles in management The main role of a leader is to ensure the accomplishment of a common task by enlisting aid and support from others. This is a process of social influence. The most common leadership styles are authoritative, democratic, afflictive and coaching. In authoritative leadership style, there total centralization of decision-making powers. Authoritative leaders do not welcome initiatives or suggestions from their subordinate s and because of this, decision-making is quick and unilateral. However, it gives managers a very string motivation while demoralizing their subordinates. In democratic or participative type of leadership, group decision-making is favored. This is seen where such leaders consult with the group before giving instructions. This means their decisional are not unilateral. Through this, such leaders motivate their groups effectively and positively

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 26

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example Being a disease with no certified medication, every state/ nation of the world feared the penetration of the virus into its territories. At the time, the governments placed all possible measures to prevent the spread of the disease into their countries. Despite all these efforts, the fear of Ebola could not be eliminated from not only the ordinary nationals, but also the medical practitioners. Responding to the vigorous spread of the disease, the author decided to write a journal that would explain various measures that can be put in place for preparedness and prevention of Ebola. The main purpose of the paper therefore was to enlighten every the different stakeholder and possible victims of the Ebola disease, on how the disease could be prevented. For instance, the journal was aimed at the health service providers (e.g. nurses), to be careful when handling the suspected of confirmed Ebola patients. The author achieves this goal by advising them to wear protective attires when handling such cases. The journal also enlightened the ordinary people, on the various ways through which the Ebola virus could be contracted. For instance, the author stresses that the main way through which Ebola is contracted is through direct contact with the infected person. The author also had a goal to advise governments on how Ebola virus spread could be prevented. In his article, he points out that, since there is no effective treatment for Ebola disease, the only method that can help in controlling the spread of the disease is by quarantine. This advice to the government would assist in isolating the suspected or confirmed Ebola patients, and specialized attention given to them. This prevents unnecessary spread of the disease. The journal targets any person, who needs to get information about the prevention of Ebola disease. Looking at the time during which the article was written, ideally,

Slavery and African Slave Traders Essay Example for Free

Slavery and African Slave Traders Essay 1. What was indentured servitude like in the colonies? Was it much different from being a slave?: Indentured servants either agreed to serve for a stated period usually about five years or upon arrival to the colonies they bargained with wealthy Englishmen, Dutchmen or High German, for how long they would serve for their passage money. In the colonies indentured servants where under strict control of their masters and were not given any compensation for their work. It was much like slavery but not everything was the same. Indenture was a contract and unlike slaves servants could sue their masters if they failed to fulfill their half of the bargain. Where as slaves had no civil rights at all. Also unlike slaves servants were able to be freed after they have completed their years of labor. Usually the former servant was entitled an outfit with that most servants become land owners. 2. Compare/contrast the Middle Passage to the voyage of indentured servants. In The Middle Passage they were not treated the same as were the people in The voyage of the Indentured Servants . The people in the Middle passage were beaten and deprived of food even after the crew was full from eating fish they did not give any to the slaves. The servants were allowed to bring their own food or drinks which most still went bad but they were not deprived entirely of food. As soon as the servants got to the colonies if they had paid their passage they were free to go unlike the slaves that were sold. The condition of living on both ships were much the same as far as the diseases and illness that plagued both ships. 3. Compare/contrast Olaudah Equiano’s document with Alexander Falconbridge’s. Are these documents reliable? Why or why not? Both documents are personal accounts of what each man viewed on the slave ships. The two documents spoke of disease, malnutrition, and punishment endured by the slaves. I believe both of the documents are a reliable source because they both spoke of relatively the same conditions as the other. Both of the documents spoke of African slave traders that traded and sold African slaves to the slave trade. In both passages they spoke of the much more cruel punishment the slaves would undergo from the white men as opposed to their prior black owners. 4. Whom did the slave trade serve? How many different types of people were involved? The slave trade served mainly American merchants. For the majority French, Dutch, English, and African slave traders. Slave ships would go abroad and capture as many people they could enslave.